The relationship of C-reactive protein to obesity-related depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study
Michael Daly
DOI: 10.1002/oby.20051
Copyright © 2012 The Obesity Society
Keywords:
Depression;Inflammation;C-reactive protein
Keywords:
Depression;Inflammation;C-reactive protein
Abstract
Obesity has been shown to produce a state of systematic low-grade inflammation that may have detrimental neuropsychiatric effects. This study examined longitudinal associations between obesity, inflammation, and depressive symptoms amongst a cohort of older English adults over 4 years of follow-up. Participants were 3891 obese and non-obese people drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) [aged 64.9 (SD = 8.8) years, 44.6% men]. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 4 years of follow-up using the eight-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D). Approximately 26.3% (N = 1 025) of the sample were categorized as obese at baseline. Obesity at baseline was associated with elevated levels of depressive symptoms at follow-up (P < .001), in analyses that adjusted for depression levels at baseline and sociodemographic and background variables including the prevalence of permanent illness/disability, alcohol consumption, sedentary behavior, and smoking. In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations at baseline were independently associated with CES-D depression scores at follow-up (P = .008) in fully adjusted analyses. Subsequent mediation analyses revealed that CRP levels explained approximately 20% of the obesity-related longitudinal change in depression scores. These data suggest that chronic inflammation may be a key determinant of depressive symptoms in obesity.
Obesity has been shown to produce a state of systematic low-grade inflammation that may have detrimental neuropsychiatric effects. This study examined longitudinal associations between obesity, inflammation, and depressive symptoms amongst a cohort of older English adults over 4 years of follow-up. Participants were 3891 obese and non-obese people drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) [aged 64.9 (SD = 8.8) years, 44.6% men]. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 4 years of follow-up using the eight-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D). Approximately 26.3% (N = 1 025) of the sample were categorized as obese at baseline. Obesity at baseline was associated with elevated levels of depressive symptoms at follow-up (P < .001), in analyses that adjusted for depression levels at baseline and sociodemographic and background variables including the prevalence of permanent illness/disability, alcohol consumption, sedentary behavior, and smoking. In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations at baseline were independently associated with CES-D depression scores at follow-up (P = .008) in fully adjusted analyses. Subsequent mediation analyses revealed that CRP levels explained approximately 20% of the obesity-related longitudinal change in depression scores. These data suggest that chronic inflammation may be a key determinant of depressive symptoms in obesity.
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